well the answer is through ice cores and pollen grains Scientists can drill deep into the ice to collect ice cores. Paleoclimate occurred before our modern weather instruments, such as thermometers, rain gauges, or barometers existed. Scientists use a variety of methods to access and analyze climate proxies. Paleoclimatology is the study of past climates. Ice cores have led scientists to significant conclusions about climate, including that CO2 levels in the atmosphere today are higher than at any other time recorded in the ice. Scientists recover this climate history by drilling cores in the ice, some of them over 3,500 meters (11,000 feet) deep. By measuring the width, chemical composition, and physical structure of each layer, scientists can deduce the conditions present when each layer formed. Paleoclimatology is the study of past climates. Each of these natural recorders provides scientists with information about temperature, precipitation, and more. Answer: Ice is very important for studying ancient climates. Over the past sixty years, they have collected temperature and precipitation information, measured the amount of carbon dioxide in Earth’s atmosphere, and charted the changing weather. Scientists drill cores of the sediments from the basin floors and examine their contents, which include tiny fossils and chemicals, to interpret past climates. Paleoclimatologists are scientists who study the ancient climate. Ice sheets on the continents have grown and then shrunk again four times in the past half million years. The oxygen in the water molecules also holds a key to past climate. How do scientists use ice to study ancient climates? In paleoclimatology, or the study of past climates, scientists use what is known as proxy data to reconstruct past climate conditions.These proxy data are preserved physical characteristics of the environment that can stand in for direct measurements. Scientists know a lot about the Earth’s climate. Clues about the past climate are buried in sediments at the bottom of the oceans, locked away in coral reefs, frozen in glaciers and ice caps, and preserved in the rings of trees. The details and phenotype of the mammoth such as its fur, can provide evidence of Earth's ancient climate, and where it occurred (which is somewhere that contains ice). In this video, we see how scientists are deciphering the history of Earth's climate from ice cores taken from western Antarctica GrrlScientist Thu 12 …

Scientists can study tree rings on ice to learn more about past climates. These are just a few examples of the environmental recorders scientists can use to learn about ancient climates.

Since it is not possible to go back in time to see what climates were like, scientists use imprints created during past climate, known as proxies, to interpret paleoclimate. Since it is not possible to go back in time to see what climates were like, scientists use imprints created during past climate, known as proxies, to interpret paleoclimate. Ice sheets contain a record of hundreds of thousands of years of past climate, trapped in the ancient snow. How do we know so much about ancient climates? Scientists also use computer modeling techniques that can help to understand the relationship between the depth of the core and the age of the ice. Ice can preserve the remains of organisms such as a Wholly Mammoth, possibly for hundreds of thousands of years. The most familiar methods involve taking a core sample of tree rings, corals, sediments, and ice. These photographs show experimental drilling on the Greenland Ice Cap in summer 2005.

To analyze the age of the deepest layers, scientists use a variety of methods, including measurements of the chemical composition and electrical conductivity of the ice. So the proportion of oxygen-18 to oxygen-16 in the ocean reflects the Earth’s climate even if we can’t see the ice. Organisms, such as diatoms, forams, and coral serve as useful climate proxies. Therefore, in order to gather data about the pre-instrumental era of climate, scientists use what are known as proxy records.

Organisms, such as diatoms, forams, and coral serve as useful climate proxies. Scientists are able to use the oxygen atoms in the glacial ice as a proxy for air temperature above the glacier.


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